A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kayayyakin polyurethane sun shahara sosai, kamar su bangarorin ajiyar sanyi da Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets ke samarwa a China, waɗanda aka yi da kayan polyurethane.
Gabaɗaya, ana iya raba polyurethane zuwa thermosetting da thermoplastic, kuma ana iya yin su zuwa robobi na polyurethane (galibi robobi na kumfa), zaruruwan polyurethane (spandex), da kuma polyurethane elastomers. Yawancin kayan polyurethane ana kiransu thermosetting, kamar kumfa mai laushi, mai tauri da kuma mai ɗan tauri na polyurethane.
Sake amfani da polyurethane sau da yawa yana amfani da hanyoyin sake amfani da kayan lantarki, domin wannan hanyar tana da inganci kuma tana da araha. Musamman ma, ana iya raba ta zuwa hanyoyi uku na sake amfani da kayan lantarki:
Wannan hanya ita ce fasahar sake amfani da ita mafi yawan amfani. Kumfa mai laushi na polyurethane ana niƙa shi zuwa sassa da yawa na santimita ta hanyar niƙa, kuma ana fesa manne mai amsawa na polyurethane a cikin mahaɗin. Manna da ake amfani da shi gabaɗaya shine haɗin kumfa polyurethane ko prepolymer na NCO wanda aka ƙare bisa ga polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Lokacin amfani da manne mai tushen PAPI don haɗawa da ƙera, ana iya shigar da haɗa tururi. A cikin tsarin haɗa sharar polyurethane, ƙara 90% polyurethane da sharar manne 10%, a gauraya daidai gwargwado, ko a ƙara wasu rini, sannan a matse cakuda.
Fasahar ƙirƙirar haɗin kai ba wai kawai tana da sassauci mai yawa ba, har ma tana da babban bambanci a cikin halayen injiniya na samfurin ƙarshe. Hanya mafi nasara ta sake amfani da samfuran polyurethane ita ce samar da kumfa polyurethane da aka sake yin amfani da ita ta hanyar haɗa kumfa mai laushi kamar ragowar kumfa mai laushi, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi azaman goyon bayan kafet, tabarmar wasanni, kayan rufe sauti da sauran kayayyaki. Ana iya ƙera barbashi masu laushi da mannewa zuwa samfura kamar faifan ƙasa na mota a wani zafin jiki da matsin lamba; Ta hanyar amfani da matsin lamba da zafin jiki mai yawa, ana iya ƙera abubuwa masu tauri kamar gidajen famfo.
Haka kuma ana iya sake yin amfani da kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane da kuma tsarin allurar amsawa (RIM) na polyurethane elastomer ta wannan hanyar. Haɗa barbashi masu sharar gida da isocyanate prepolymers don ƙirƙirar matsi mai zafi, kamar ƙera maƙallan bututu don tsarin dumama bututu. | 2、Matsi mai zafi na gyare-gyare Kumfa mai laushi na polyurethane mai zafi da samfuran RIM polyurethane suna da wasu halaye na laushi da laushi na zafi a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na 100-200 ℃. A ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba, ana iya haɗa polyurethane mai sharar gida da juna ba tare da amfani da manne ba. Domin a sa kayayyakin da aka sake yin amfani da su su zama iri ɗaya, sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci a niƙa sharar sannan a dumama ta a matse ta zuwa siffarta.
Yanayin ƙirƙirar ya dogara ne da nau'in sharar polyurethane da samfurin da aka sake yin amfani da shi. Misali, sharar kumfa mai laushi ta polyurethane za a iya matse ta da zafi na tsawon mintuna da yawa a matsin lamba na 1-30MPa da kuma zafin jiki na 100-220 ° C don samar da abubuwan shaƙar girgiza, masu kariya daga laka, da sauran abubuwan haɗin.
An yi amfani da wannan hanyar cikin nasara wajen sake amfani da kayan aikin mota na polyurethane irin na RIM. Misali, ana iya kera bangarorin ƙofofin mota da allunan kayan aiki da kusan kashi 6% na foda polyurethane na RIM da kuma kashi 15% na fiberglass. | 3、Ana amfani da shi azaman cikawa Ana iya mayar da kumfa mai laushi na polyurethane zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar niƙawa ko niƙa mai ƙarancin zafi, kuma ana ƙara watsar da irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin polyols don ƙera kumfa polyurethane ko wasu kayayyaki, wanda ba wai kawai yana dawo da kayan polyurethane da aka lalata ba, har ma yana rage farashin samfurin yadda ya kamata. Abubuwan da ke cikin foda da ya fashe a cikin kumfa polyurethane mai laushi wanda aka yi da sanyi wanda aka yi da MDI an iyakance shi zuwa 15%, kuma kashi 25% na foda da ya fashe za a iya ƙara shi a cikin kumfa mai zafi wanda aka yi da TDI a mafi yawan lokuta.
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a bi shine a ƙara sharar kumfa da aka riga aka yanke a cikin kumfa mai laushi na polyether polyol, sannan a niƙa shi a cikin injin niƙa mai dacewa don samar da cakuda "polyol da aka sake amfani da shi" wanda ke ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don ƙera kumfa mai laushi.
Ana iya niƙa polyurethane na RIM da aka yi da sharar gida ta zama foda, a haɗa shi da kayan da aka yi da ɗanyen abu, sannan a ƙera shi zuwa elastomers na RIM. Bayan an niƙa kumfa mai ƙarfi na polyurethane da sharar kumfa ta polyisocyanurate (PIR), ana iya amfani da shi don ƙara kashi 5% na kayan da aka sake yin amfani da su a haɗe don samar da kumfa mai ƙarfi. |
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabuwar hanyar dawo da sinadarai ta bullo
Tawagar Jami'ar Illinois karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Steven Zimmerman ta ƙirƙiro wata hanya ta narkar da sharar polyurethane da kuma mayar da ita wasu kayayyaki masu amfani.
Ɗalibin digiri na biyu Ephraim Morado yana fatan sake amfani da polymers ta hanyar hanyoyin sinadarai don magance matsalar sharar polyurethane. Duk da haka, polyurethane yana da matuƙar kwanciyar hankali kuma an yi shi ne daga abubuwa biyu masu wahalar ruɓewa: isocyanates da polyols.
Polyols su ne mabuɗin matsalar, domin ana fitar da su daga man fetur kuma ba sa lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Domin guje wa wannan matsala, ƙungiyar masu bincike ta ɗauki wani sinadari mai sauƙin lalacewa da ruwa mai narkewa a acetal. Ana iya amfani da samfuran lalata da aka samar ta hanyar narkar da polymers tare da trichloroacetic acid da dichloromethane a zafin ɗaki don samar da sabbin kayayyaki. A matsayin shaidar ra'ayi, Morado na iya canza elastomers da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin marufi da sassan motoci zuwa manne.
Duk da haka, babban koma-baya na wannan sabuwar hanyar sake amfani da ita shine farashi da gubar kayan da aka yi amfani da su don amsawar. Saboda haka, masu bincike a halin yanzu suna ƙoƙarin nemo hanya mafi kyau da rahusa don cimma irin wannan tsari ta hanyar amfani da sinadarai masu laushi kamar vinegar don lalata su.
Nan gaba, ginin Harbin Dong'antakardars kamfaniza kuma mu ci gaba da bin diddigin sabbin abubuwan da masana'antar ke yi, sannan mu ci gaba da zuba jari a fannin fasaha da fasahar kare muhalli, tare da ci gaba da kirkire-kirkire don sanya bangarorin polyurethane na Dong'an su zama masu kyau ga muhalli da kuma lafiya. Mun kuma yi imanin cewa za a samu sabbin fasahohin kare muhalli da za a haifa nan gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-09-2023