A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kayayyakin da ake amfani da su na polyurethane sun kara samun karbuwa, irin su kwandon sanyi da Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets a kasar Sin ya kera, wadanda aka yi da kayan polyurethane.
Gabaɗaya, ana iya raba polyurethane zuwa thermosetting da thermoplastic, kuma ana iya yin shi zuwa robobi na polyurethane (mafi yawan filastik kumfa), polyurethane fibers (spandex), da polyurethane elastomers. Yawancin kayan polyurethane ana kiransu thermosetting, irin su kumfa polyurethane mai laushi, mai ƙarfi da ɗigon ƙarfi.
Sake yin amfani da polyurethane sau da yawa yana ɗaukar hanyoyin sake amfani da jiki, saboda wannan hanyar tana da inganci da tattalin arziki. Musamman, ana iya raba ta zuwa hanyoyin sake amfani da ita:
Wannan hanyar ita ce fasahar sake amfani da ita. Ana murƙushe kumfa mai laushi mai laushi na polyurethane zuwa guda santimita da yawa ta injin niƙa, kuma ana fesa manne polyurethane mai amsawa a cikin mahaɗin. Adhesive da aka yi amfani da shi gabaɗaya haɗin kumfa polyurethane ko NCO ya ƙare prepolymer dangane da polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Lokacin amfani da mannen tushen PAPI don haɗawa da gyare-gyare, ana iya gabatar da hadawar tururi. A cikin aiwatar da haɗawa da sharar polyurethane, ƙara 90% polyurethane sharar gida da 10% adhesive, haɗuwa daidai, ko ƙara wasu dyes, sannan danna cakuda.
Fasahar haɗin kai ba wai kawai tana da babban sassauci ba, har ma yana da babban sauye-sauye a cikin kaddarorin inji na samfurin ƙarshe. Hanya mafi nasara ta sake amfani da samfuran polyurethane ita ce samar da kumfa polyurethane da aka sake yin fa'ida ta hanyar haɗa kumfa mai laushi irin su kumfa mai laushi, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi azaman goyan bayan kafet, tabarma na wasanni, kayan sanyaya sauti da sauran kayayyaki. Za a iya ƙera ƙwayoyin kumfa mai laushi da adhesives a cikin samfura kamar fakitin ƙasan mota a wani zazzabi da matsa lamba; Ta yin amfani da matsi mai girma da zafin jiki, ana iya ƙera abubuwa masu wuya kamar gidajen famfo.
Kumfa polyurethane mai ƙarfi da gyare-gyaren amsawa (RIM) polyurethane elastomer kuma ana iya sake yin fa'ida ta hanya ɗaya. Haɗa ɓangarorin sharar gida tare da isocyanate prepolymers don ƙirƙirar matsi mai zafi, kamar masana'anta bututu don tsarin dumama bututu. | 2,Zafafan gyare-gyare Thermosetting polyurethane taushi kumfa da RIM polyurethane kayayyakin suna da wasu thermal softening da roba Properties a cikin zafin jiki kewayon 100-200 ℃. A ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsa lamba, sharar gida polyurethane za a iya haɗawa da juna ba tare da amfani da adhesives ba. Domin sanya kayan da aka sake yin fa'ida su zama iri ɗaya, sau da yawa ya zama dole a murkushe sharar sannan a yi zafi sannan a danna shi a siffa.
Yanayin kafawa ya dogara da nau'in sharar polyurethane da samfurin sake yin fa'ida. Misali, sharar kumfa mai laushi na polyurethane na iya zama mai zafi don matsawa na mintuna da yawa a matsa lamba na 1-30MPa da kewayon zafin jiki na 100-220 ° C don samar da masu ɗaukar girgiza, laka, da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
An yi nasarar amfani da wannan hanyar a sake yin amfani da kayan aikin mota na nau'in RIM na polyurethane. Misali, ana iya kera bangarorin kofa na mota da kayan aikin da kusan 6% RIM polyurethane foda da 15% fiberglass. | 3,Ana amfani dashi azaman filler Za'a iya juya kumfa mai laushi mai laushi na polyurethane zuwa barbashi mai kyau ta hanyar murƙushe ƙananan zafin jiki ko tsarin nika, kuma ana ƙara rarraba irin wannan nau'in zuwa polyols don kera kumfa na polyurethane ko wasu samfurori, wanda ba wai kawai ya dawo da kayan polyurethane na sharar gida ba, amma har ma da tasiri sosai. farashin samfurin. Abun ciki na fashe foda a cikin MDI tushen sanyi warkewa m polyurethane kumfa an iyakance zuwa 15%, kuma 25% na fashe foda za a iya ƙara a cikin TDI tushen zafi warke kumfa a mafi.
Ɗaya daga cikin tsari shine a haɗa dattin sharar kumfa mai laushi a cikin kumfa mai laushi polyether polyol, sa'an nan kuma a jika shi a cikin injin da ya dace don samar da cakuda "polyol da aka sake yin fa'ida" mai dauke da kyawawan barbashi don kera kumfa mai laushi.
Za a iya niƙa ɓangarorin RIM polyurethane zuwa foda, a haɗe su da kayan aiki, sa'an nan kuma a ƙera su zuwa elastomer na RIM. Bayan dattin polyurethane m kumfa da kuma polyisocyanurate (PIR) kumfa sharar da aka murƙushe, shi kuma za a iya amfani da su ƙara 5% sake yin fa'ida abu a hade don samar da m kumfa. |
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabuwar hanyar dawo da sinadarai ta fito
Kungiyar Jami'ar Illinois karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Steven Zimmerman ta samar da hanyar da za a iya lalata sharar polyurethane da kuma canza shi zuwa wasu samfurori masu amfani.
Dalibin da ya kammala karatun digiri Ephraim Morado yana fatan sake amfani da polymers ta hanyoyin sinadarai don magance matsalar sharar polyurethane. Duk da haka, polyurethane yana da tsayin daka sosai kuma an yi shi daga sassa guda biyu waɗanda ke da wuyar lalacewa: isocyanates da polyols.
Polyols sune mabuɗin matsalar, saboda ana hako su daga man fetur kuma ba a sauƙaƙa da su ba. Don guje wa wannan wahala, ƙungiyar binciken ta ɗauki na'urar sinadari mai narkewa cikin sauƙi kuma mai narkewar ruwa. Ana iya amfani da samfuran lalata da aka kafa ta hanyar narkar da polymers tare da trichloroacetic acid da dichloromethane a cikin zafin jiki don samar da sabbin kayan aiki. A matsayin hujja na ra'ayi, Morado na iya canza elastomers da aka yi amfani da su sosai a cikin marufi da sassa na mota zuwa manne.
Koyaya, babban koma baya na wannan sabuwar hanyar sake amfani da ita shine tsada da kuma guba na albarkatun albarkatun da aka yi amfani da su don amsawa. Sabili da haka, masu bincike a halin yanzu suna ƙoƙarin nemo hanya mafi kyau kuma mai rahusa don cimma wannan tsari ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan kaushi kamar vinegar don lalata.
A nan gaba, ginin Harbin Dong'antakardas kamfaniHar ila yau, za ta bi sabbin fasahohin masana'antu tare da ci gaba da saka hannun jari a fannin fasaha da fasahar kare muhalli, tare da ci gaba da yin sabbin abubuwa don sanya bangarori na polyurethane na Dong'an su zama masu kyautata muhalli da lafiya. Mun kuma yi imanin cewa za a sami ƙarin sabbin fasahohin kare muhalli da aka haifa a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-09-2023